The Economics of Network Reconfiguration and Shunt Compensation on a 33 kV Distribution Network

This work studies the cost benefits derivable from network reconfiguration and shunt compensation of a Nigerian 33 kV distribution network. The approach adopted requires that the base case power flow analysis of the distribution network was first carried out, after which a shunt capacitor was used for compensation. The introduction of a tie-line in the network and a combination of capacitor and tie-line on same network were also carried out. The costs analysis of compensation and reconfiguration was carried out to understand their financial worthiness. The results obtained showed that the payback period (PP) for the introduction of compensation only, reconfiguration only and combination of compensation and reconfiguration are 1286.89 hr, 328.58 hr and 1043.31 hr, respectively. Though, reconfiguration only gives the least PP, a combination of compensation and reconfiguration has a long time cost benefit. At time above 5147.57 hr, it generates more profit than others

Artificial Neural Network Based Prediction of Key Performance Indicators for Mobile Telecommunications

This paper presents the comparative studies among artificial neural network neurons. Four Key Performance Indicators were predicted using neural network. The Key Performance Indicators and weather parameters for Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria were employed. MATLAB R2020a was employed to develop the neural network models. Three different neural network models were developed. Model A, Model B and Model C with ten neurons, fifteen neurons and twenty neurons respectively, the hidden layer of the models was Log-sigmoid activation function, and the linear activation was used at the output layer of the models. The three models were compared using mean absolute error and mean square error. The best performing model was Model B with fifteen neurons. Its mean absolute error and mean square error is 0.0909 and 0.0123 respectively. The Model A with ten neurons was the least performing model with mean absolute error and mean square error of 0.0990 and 0.0148 respectively. The results show that for a model to be robust, several neurons should be tested to establish the most effective model.  

A Genetic Algorithm Approach to Optimal Sizing and Placement of Distributed Generation on Nigerian Radial Feeders

Mitigating power loss and voltage profile problems on radial distribution networks has been a major challenge to distribution system operators. While deployment of distributed generation, as compensators, has made a suitable solution option, optimum placement and sizing of the compensators has been a concern and it has thus been receiving great attention. Meta-heuristic algorithms have been found efficacious in this respect, yet the use of the algorithms in addressing problems of radial feeders is still comparatively low in Nigeria where analytical and numerical programming methods are common. Hence; the use of genetic algorithm to site and size distributed generator for real-time power loss reduction and voltage profile improvement on the Nigerian secondary distribution networks is presented. Backward-forward sweep load flow analysis, together with loss sensitivity factor, is deployed to identify the buses suitable for the installation of the distributed generation, while the algorithm is employed in estimating the optimum size. This approach is tested on the standard IEEE 15-bus system and validated using a Nigerian 11 kV feeder. The result obtained on the IEEE test system shows 183 kW loss using the compensator, as compared to 436 kW loss without the compensator; while on the Nigerian network the loss with the compensator was 4.99 kW, in comparison with no-compensation loss of 10.47kW. By the approach of this study, real power loss on the Nigerian feeder decreased by 52.3% together with energy cost reduction from N658,789.12 to N314,227.38. Likewise the minimum bus voltage magnitude and the voltage stability index of the network are improved to acceptable limits. This approach is therefore recommended as capable of strengthening the performance of the Nigerian radial distribution system